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From the Inside Flap
"What is the nature of robotics in Japan? Robertson deftly shows readers that the anxieties about artificiality, doubling, and identity that haunt the figure of the robot in the so-called West do not animate robotics in Japan. Rather, robots are posed as immanent to a nature already artificial—even as Robertson also demonstrates that robots are cultural platforms for considering and contesting the shifting politics of gender, generation, and labor. A necessary read for anyone interested in past, present, and future of robotics."—Stefan Helmreich, author of Silicon Second Nature: Culturing Artificial Life in a Digital World "This book is a highly original, superbly researched, and gracefully executed account of robo sapiens japanicus: how robots are developed, acculturated, promoted, and used in Japan. It remains cool-headed when dissecting the sociopolitical undercurrents of robot policy and provides a crisp analysis as much of Japanese society and politics as of the new 'citizens' in the process of creation."—Sabine Frühstück, author of Playing War Children and the Paradoxes of Modern Militarism in Japan "This is a definite must-read on the '21st century’s newest must-study subject' (Boston Globe). Presenting carefully documented analyses of the cultural imaginaries, the visions, and the realities of Japanese robotics policies, Robertson for the first time unveils the multidimensionality of social robotics as a tool of cultural engineering and value politics. Profoundly instructive for anyone thinking about the ‘robot revolution’."—Johanna Seibt, Research Unit for Robophilosophy, Aarhus University
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About the Author
Jennifer Robertson is Professor of Anthropology and the History of Art at the University of Michigan. She is author of Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan and Native and Newcomer: Making and Remaking a Japanese City.
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Product details
Paperback: 278 pages
Publisher: University of California Press; First edition (November 10, 2017)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0520283201
ISBN-13: 978-0520283206
Product Dimensions:
6 x 0.7 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 13.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
5.0 out of 5 stars
2 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#453,848 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Cultural studies books about Japan too often wind up reveling in either Other-ness or kawaii-ness. Given that this book deals with the particularly trendy topic of robots, it's all the more refreshing that it steers clear of those Orientalist traps. It's a serious and worthwhile book, especially for readers interested in what the future will be like for those who live in Japan. The prognosis is not sunny.The author's (JR's) main themes are more connected to politics than to popular culture. JR closely examines a Japanese government manga called "Innovation 2025," promulgated in 2007 during the first Abe Administration. The story envisions a robot called "Inobe-kun" (from the Japanese rendition of the word 'innovation') integrated into an extended family (_ie_) not so different from the Yamato manga family promoted by Imperial propagandists during the Second World War. Among other things, robots are seen as a way to free women to have more children while working for "pocket money" by telecommuting from home. JR connects this vision to Abe's nostalgia for the authoritarianism beloved by his maternal grandfather, a member of the wartime Cabinet and later a peacetime prime minister.But it's not only Abe and his supporters who pull robots into this conservative vision: the attitude is shared by many Japanese roboticists, particularly in their reactionary and barely conscious approach to gender issues and disability. Japanese researchers seem to take it for granted that robots will be accepted into the home, and seem to emphasize a "build it, and they will come" attitude toward technical improvements without being very concerned about what users want. In line with the strongly marked gender roles in the _ie_, they endow robots with unambiguous male or female "cultural genitals," e.g. squarish jaw, square shoulders and exposed mechanical joints for "males" and a conical, dress-like form for "females." The first in a series of covers for the journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence portrays a female robot doing housekeeping chores; over ensuing issues it comes out that "she" is the creation of a female roboticist -- who happens to be a single mom (cf. the ruling party's association between robots and childrearing). In a later chapter JR deconstructs Mori Masahiro's famous "uncanny valley," the notion that as robots become more human in appearance and behavior they first will be more repellent to humans, until the likeness improves sufficiently for them to be accepted. Mori's original 1970 essay in Japanese expressed a contempt for the disabled that has been laundered out of translated versions.Perhaps most depressing was the discussion of how a pair of Paro, therapeutic robots in the shape of a baby seal, were given a Japanese family registration (kouseki) because their "father" (creator) is Japanese. Meanwhile, persons of Korean descent whose families have lived in Japan for generations are denied both a family registration and an easy path to citizenship. As JR points out, whereas in some cultures robots are seen as distinct from humans, to Japanese roboticists, government and opinion-poll respondents, the relevant distinction is between Japanese and non-Japanese, with even non-humanoid robots being no different from humans when regarded in this light.I'm currently teaching an undergraduate course on robots and society at a Japanese university. The emphasis in the course is the recent field known as "robot ethics," which has been the subject of a couple of good edited volumes in the past few years. I experienced a momentary twinge of cultural imperialist guilt to learn from this book that robot ethics is a subject pretty much ignored by Japanese scholars. But this book's picture of robots in the Japanese techno-political imagination was sufficiently disturbing that I've decided that this is one cultural import that maybe can be a force for good. The book's one tip of the hat to the usual cultural studies preoccupations is its emphasis on humanoid robots. I'd have been interested to read about the role of industrial robots in the Japanese government's remodeling (i.e., gutting) of labor policy during the last 10-15 years, for example. But nonetheless I appreciate JR for seeing Japan as a serious country in its own right -- most foreign-domiciled scholars (and many foreign scholars based here in Japan) tend to see it as either some sort of morality play for the edification of Americans, Germans, etc., or simply as a curio. I give it five stars not because it's a book that will change your life, but because it does such an excellent job at looking beneath the surface of its chosen topic.
Interesting perspective on a growing industry!
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